間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞 (MSC) 是最著名的醫(yī)學(xué)干細(xì)胞類型之一。它們已被證明對(duì)范圍廣泛的疾病有效,而且風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很小。
與此同時(shí),數(shù)百項(xiàng)臨床研究正在進(jìn)行中,以更詳細(xì)地研究它們的再生能力。從生物學(xué)的角度來看,它們是結(jié)締組織的祖細(xì)胞。這意味著它們對(duì)于建立和維持全身結(jié)締組織的健康狀態(tài)很重要,被稱為基質(zhì)干細(xì)胞。
同樣,它們具有分化成一系列其他細(xì)胞類型的能力,包括軟骨細(xì)胞(軟骨細(xì)胞)、成骨細(xì)胞(骨細(xì)胞)、脂肪細(xì)胞(脂肪細(xì)胞)等。這種特性將它們歸類為“多能干細(xì)胞”(能夠轉(zhuǎn)化為多種細(xì)胞類型)。
為什么間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞具有如此大的治療潛力?
為什么MSEC-間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞-與其他干細(xì)胞類型相比更常用
它們之所以成為醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用和人體臨床試驗(yàn)中的主要干細(xì)胞類型,有以下幾個(gè)原因:
- 它們相對(duì)容易收獲并與以下隔離:
- 脂肪組織,稱為adMSC(脂肪來源的 MSC)
- 骨髓,稱為bmMSCs(骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞)
- 臍帶,稱為ucMSC(臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞)
- MSC在實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)和擴(kuò)增相對(duì)穩(wěn)定
- 它們可以經(jīng)歷相對(duì)較多的分裂周期而不會(huì)失去表達(dá)譜、健康和分裂潛能
- 為各種疾病模型收集的大量動(dòng)物、臨床和科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),包括神經(jīng)退行性疾病
- 它們幾乎沒有生長成癌細(xì)胞的潛力
- 正如最近的研究所揭示的那樣,它們的干細(xì)胞分泌蛋白組特征非常有益,因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)身體顯示出廣泛的再生和保護(hù)能力
- 因此,MSC是我們制造干細(xì)胞分泌療法的最佳來源。
從脂肪組織中分離出的間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞
脂肪組織含有相對(duì)高濃度的間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞。通過酶法或顯微鏡去除非細(xì)胞部分來處理組織。這種細(xì)胞終產(chǎn)物稱為基質(zhì)血管分?jǐn)?shù) (SVF)。用SVF治療可以有效治療某些區(qū)域和疾病。然而,它包含的MSC數(shù)量是有限的。MSC的擴(kuò)增(在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中增加它們的細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù))相對(duì)簡單。然而,這個(gè)過程極大地復(fù)雜化了臨床應(yīng)用,因?yàn)樗矔?huì)影響風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況。由于這個(gè)事實(shí),這個(gè)過程在所有發(fā)達(dá)國家都受到高度限制。獲得更多MSC 的好處與獲得高細(xì)胞數(shù)無關(guān),而是與它們的活力和分泌情況有關(guān)。
為什么間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞具有如此大的治療潛力?
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